In this chapter the students will learn the following topics/ questions:
- What is the term used to describe the point where the horizontal and vertical axis intersect in a coordinate system?
- How are vectors represented symbolically and graphically?
- What are the steps involved in representing a vector in a coordinate system?
- What are the steps involved in representing a vector in a coordinate system?
- Does vector addition depends on the order? Will it make any difference if we add vector ‘A’ with vector ‘B’ or vector ‘A’ with vector ‘B’.
- What role do measuring instruments play in physics and how does least count influence the precision of measurements?
- How do meter rules and measuring tapes differ, and why is their least count important for accurate length measurements?
- Can you measure distances smaller than 1 mm on meter rule? Why?
- Some meter rulers like the one shown in the figure are marked with inches and feet? What is the least count of meter rule on this scale?
- What is the length of the object measured by meter rod if it is 20. 14 cm measured by Vernier caliper?
- Read the following Vernier Caliper measurement and answer the following questions.
- A screw gauge has the least count of 0.01 mm. Read the following screw gauge measurement, and answer the following questions.
- You have to measure the thickness of page and internal diameter of a beaker, which instrument would you use Vernier caliper or screw gauge? Why?
- Books in a library were counted one by one. There were a total of 57,000 books in the library. How many significant digits are there in the result? Will the result change if the books are measured in the packets of 10?
- Describe the need of using significant figures for recording and stating results in the laboratory.
- Measure the length, width and thickness of physics textbook and report your observations in significant figures. Does your reading depends upon the instrument you used for measurement?
- What are the rules to determine the significant figures? Explain by giving examples.
- What role do rounding rules and significant figures play in scientific and quantitative contexts?
- How physics plays an important role in our life?
- Estimate your age in minutes and seconds.
- What base quantities are involved in these derived physical quantities; force, pressure, power and charge.
- Show that prefix micro is thousand times smaller than prefix milli.
- Justify that displacement is a vector quantity while energy is a scalar quantity.
- Screw gauge can give more precise length than Vernier calipers. Briefly explain why?
- Differentiate between mechanical stop watch and digital stopwatch.
- How measuring cylinder is used to measure volume of an irregular shaped stone?
- What precaution should be kept in mind while taking measurement using measuring cylinder?
- Why do we need to consider significant digits in measurements?
- How random error can be reduced?
- Differentiate between precision and accuracy.
- Define Physics. Describe its revolutionary role in technology.
- List with brief description of different branches of physics.
- What are physical quantities? Distinguish between base physical quantities and derived physical quantities. Give at least three examples to show that derived physical quantities are derived from base physical quantities.
- Difference between Base Quantities and Derived Quantities:
- What do you mean by unit of a physical quantities? Define base units and derived units.
- What are prefixes? What is their use in measurements?
- What is scientific notation or standard form of noting down a measurement? Give at least five examples.
- Describe construction and working of vernier calipers in detail.
- What is screw gauge? What is its pitch and least count? How is it used to measure thickness of thin copper wire?
- Define error. Differentiate between random and systematic error. How can these errors be reduced?
- Differentiate between scalars and vectors. Justify that distance, speed, mass and energy are scalars while displacement, velocity, acceleration and force are vectors.
- Justify and illustrate the use of a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid.
- Differentiate between precision and accuracy.